Speaking of high school….
In tenth grade on an average weekend night I attended a party with a large group of kids in the theater program. The party, unsurprisingly for a a high school party in Santa Barbara, had alcoholic drinks. At this party, one of my best friends (whom for the sake of privacy, I have changed his name) Tom had been drinking heavily that night, and like many do, found themselves with their head in a toilet. He was in there for an incredibly long time, and soon some of the party goers began to suspect alcohol poisoning. However, given that this was a high school party, the notion of calling an ambulance was considered too large of a risk to call for medical assistance. And if that wasn’t all, Tom’s larger and older brother, who was also at the party, preceded to physically assault Tom due to his fear of what his parents might think or do to him, given that he was responsible for Tom’s wellbeing.
I bring this up today because while Tom did eventually feel better, stories like this are countless in a country that in where the risk of enjoying a freedom to partake in a legal substance is somehow determined by age, especially ones
Over the course of human history, many have found solace in the comfort of drink. From that I mean the consumption of a beverage with contains glucose, fructose, and sucrose molecules which have undergone a ethanol fermentation process and now has an abundance of ethanol molecules. The consumption of ethanol can result in many negative effects on the human body including liver damage, the formation various cancers, and most importantly damage to the central nervous system, most notably to the brain. However, in moderation, the consumption of alcohol can be an enjoyable experience.
While there is no exact date to pinpoint, man’s discovery of alcohol can be traced back to 9000 years ago in China, where ancient jars have been discovered to contain beverages common with modern day beer. The Middle Eastern region of Turkey, Syria, and Lebanon contain wine pips (the seeds of grapes that have been fermented into wine) can be dated back to 8000BC. And while many cultures differ in practices, the majority of ancient civilizations can be traced to have invented some form of alcohol. Cultures separated by hundreds of miles of ocean have been recorded to have found one way or another to drink alcoholic beverages; including the Mayan Empire, Iroquis Native Americans who resided what is modern day New York and Canada, and select areas of Sub Saharan Africa. The drink would go as far to have cultural and religious significance within the cultures from where they came. Egyptian hieroglyphs depict alcoholic beverages to be very spiritual drink that would be used in sacrifice, while religions such as Judaism and Buddhism both praise the benefits and dangers alcohol, and some Christians partake in symbolic wine drinking. Currently beer is the third most popular beverage in the world, (followed only water and tea) and liquor distribution has been the livelyhood of countess farmers, brewers, and pub managers.
The reason that I bring these up is that, like many college students, have been acquainted with alcohol and find it is a social activity I find enjoyable. However, if you are a college student you are most likely aware that current United State laws prohibit the sale of alcoholic beverages to individuals younger than 21 years old. I personally believe that the laws that are in place are not sound, for a number of reasons. The first being admittedly fairly steryotypical when talking about this issue, but I find frustrating is that current US laws state that at the age of 18 one can be legally independent, which includes purchases of tobacco products, jury duty, and military service; yet still it appears that alcohol consumption is still considered to be a choice that you have no control over.. I find that the reason current laws are in place bad in the fact that there is no current US law that mandates a state drinking age of 21, rather the National Drinking Age Act signed in by President Reagan in 1984 simply drastically cuts state funding for road and freeway maintenance that don’t set a legal drinking age of 21. Its a practice that, while good looking on paper and done for the right intentions, but it’s notions of needing to stop the scourge of car induced fatalities was not an overall success as a look at the overall rate of car fatalities has been decreasing at a rate, during which the National Drinking Age Act did no noticeable change.
However I am no expert when it comes to enforcement of laws, so I was able to sit down with Chapman University’s Pubic Safety own Chief Randy Burba to discuss his experience with underaged drinking and opinions on the way it is currently being upheld.
Patterson: Thank you so much for meeting. What position do you currently hold at Chapman University and how long have you been working here?
Burba: I’m currently the Chief of Public Safety at Chapman University. I’ve been her for about seven and a half years, I’ve been here since about 2005. I was previously the Patrol Captain at USC for about twenty years. So I’ve been doing this job for about 25 years.
Patterson: Wow. Given your time working both here and at USC, how many instances of underaged drinking would you think you’ve seen?
Burba: Thousands! Thats really the crux of young people branching out, exploring new freedoms away from home. For them it really feels like a right of passage. Which is a strange dichotomy because I get that, but at the same time I’ve seen people go to the hospital near death from alcohol poisoning. I’ve seen people die from alcohol poisoning. It’s very concerning for me in that when you make a choice to do something legal or illegal, obviously if your of age it’s legal and if you’re underage it’s illegal, but whatever choice you make illegal or legal, it’s that you be smart about it and you do it in moderation. That’s the biggest thing we preach. Thats Nobody’s going to hear me say, “If you are twenty one do not drink!” That will go in one year and out the other. But if I can say I don’t want you to go to the hospital, I don’t want you dead, I don’t want you to ruin your life, I don’t want you to drink and drive and end up with a felony and not be able to get a job. You know you find the smart way to get it across. You say, “If you’re going to drink, don’t have twelve shots in an hour.”
Patterson: Oh, of course.
Burba: But yes, over the course of my time here I have seen a lot of underaged drinking. It’s prevalent, it’s always going to be prevalent at a University. It’s not going to go away, it’s not going to be eliminated. You just have to manage it and make people smarter.
Patterson: So what is your stance on the fact that drinking under the age of twenty-one is illegal? Do you think it should be…
Burba: Again thats an interesting question. Taking off my Public Safety hat, putting on my personal hat…one of the things I find funny is that you can join the military and pick up a riffle and defend your country at eighteen, but you can’t have a beer. So if you’re a soldier you can’t have a beer. I also understand at eighteen you don’t make the best decisions, you don’t have much life experience and then if you exacerbate that by giving them alcohol. But I think we have a weird situation with…I don’t think we should let eighteen year olds join the military either. It seems like they should go hand and hand. If you’re old enough to join the military, and pick up a gun, and fight for your country, you can have a beer. But if you’re eighteen, I don’t think you should join the military. Thats what I think.
Patterson: So what’s your stance on the notion that drinking is a constitutional right? We’ve seen a lot of trouble in the past with the 18th Amendment and Prohibition.
Burba: Well I believe in freedom. I believe if it’s not illegal, then I assume it is your right. So if you’re eighteen year old and an adult guess it would be drink, unless there was a law that was voted in or passed through the proper legislation process ie that the drinking age is twenty-one. If you this is where you choose to live there you have to follow the law. I think if you’re twenty-one I feel you do have a Constitutional right to drink because those were the laws that were originally passed. If there were no laws you could drink at any age. I don’t want it abolished. Like any constitutional right I don’t want it taken away, but like any constitutional right it has restrictions. There’s a right for freedom of speech, but you can’t yell “Fire” in a crowded theater.
Patterson: How effective do you feel that Californian law has been in regards to underage drinking. I know we’re one of the few states, in where it’s legal if you were underaged and at a parter and someone passed out, you could call the police and not get in trouble.
Burba: Right, there’s protections to people wanting to call the police because of the medical issues. I think that that has effective in the fact that we have gotten calls for people in need of help that would have ended in tragedy. So I think that law has been effective in that. There’s that “Good Samaritan” law where you won’t be punished if you called and you were underaged and drinking. But I feel laws are effective in a percentage of the population. There are some people who want to be law abiding and will not do it. I think that is helpful. However, there is a large percentage of the population in where the law is irrelevant. They would do it whether there was a law or not. And I feel underage drinking is particularly a challenge because there’s a lot of peer pressure. People with alcohol abuse tendencies, by the time they get to a university, have already drunken in high school, they’ve already done a lot themselves and a law itself wont fix the issue. Some might argue that the good samaritan law might exacerbate the problem, because now people might feel like they have that right, were as if they would get in trouble, they would not drink. You can argue both sides all night long, but what I think given what I’ve seen in young peoples decision making, that the law is good. At least preventing a tragedy is something we can do. I don’t think we’ll ever make underaged drinking go away, it’s never not going to be a problem. Even if you change the drinking age to eighteen, they’ll still do it at sixteen, fifteen fourteen! It’s never going to go away. What it takes is constant efforts. Constant parents. Constant community. Law enforcement doing their job. It takes all of those recourses coming together. Working on young peoples’ self esteem. Finding reasons why they want to drink. Are they trying to escape? Is it peer preasure? Trying to get to the source of the problem, whether it be a mental health issue, if one is depressed. It’s never going away.
Patterson: Not trying to focus on the negative, but what do you think could be improved with underage drinking laws?
Burba: I don’t disagree with that they are twenty one, whether they should be twenty one….I think that we could have tougher laws on merchants serving drinks to someone who is already intoxicated. But, if you work in a bar, maybe there should be flat out limits if you are in public. So if you are at a bar and you’re running up a tab. Lets say you’ve had two shots and three beers within the hour, maybe they should say, “We’re not going to serve you.” Maybe there should be a law there. Then again you bring the binge drinking to your own house, which is where most college drinking happens. They can’t really afford to pay six dollars on beer, so will most likely pick up a very cheep beer at the liquor store, taking it into their room, and then they’re playing drinking games which exacerbates the problem. Because its all about a large amount of alcohol in a short amount of time. And thats where I think that the drinking age is part of it, but the environment is that other half. If you’re eighteen, and you’re off to the bar after a hard days work, you’re not going to drink fourteen or twenty-five beers and get blitzed. If you’re eighteen years old and with a group of friends to play drinking games, the odds are your much higher you are going to overdrink. Its not the same as having a drink to blow off steam or use your undergo your right to drink. It’s two different situations. And I think how do we get people smarter about this is the big situation. I don’t think age is the issue, rather what the later of how we get people to think. I don’t even think age is the issue, but how do you get people to make smart decisions on drinking if you are eighteen or twenty-one. The problem doesn’t go away when they’re twenty-one. These binge drinking problems that start with drinking games and going to the hospital and alcohol poisoning. It has to do with behavior and groupthink, it’s a lot more complicated than an age.
Patterson: Oh I’m not trying to imply that seventeen to eighteen is a milestone of anykind. I understand…What’s your opinion of the National Drinking Age Act? I’m not sure if you’re completely aware of it….
Burba: No I’m not completely aware. Is that the one that set it universally twenty-one across the states?
Patterson: Correct. President Reagan signed it into action when he was pressured by a group called Mothers Against Drunk Driving…
Burba: MADD, right
Patterson: Yeah. And essentially it won’t give public road funding to a twenty one drinking age.
Burba: So it held them hostage. I knew that. I knew something in the back of my mind about the drinking age of the United States and I knew that was why, because all of the sudden we need the funding so we got to get on that…
Patterson: ...they’re not going to give up free money.
Burba: Exactly. Which is pretty much how the government gets its hooks in you. With any organization…with any university. You know why we follow all of the federal laws and regulations? Because we take federal money. So they tie everything to that. You want federal aid? You gotta do this, you gotta do this, you gotta do this, (sigh).
Patterson: I’m not trying to shout conspiracy theories or anything…
Burba: …right. It’s legalized extortion, is what it is. Um, so based on that, I think it was a smart move by Mothers Against Drunk Driving. Age to me is not the issue. I do believe in states rights, I do believe that each individual state has the right of setting their law at eighteen. But it is interesting because that legislation didn’t take take that right away from them, they could still have it at eighteen, it’s just they’re giving away money. It is interesting, because I don’t feel that twenty-one is necessarily a bad age, you know you’re a little more mature at twenty one, but I do feel like we need to focus on the problem that drinking brings.
Patterson: One last question, as you are an experienced officer do you remember a time when the National Drinking Age Act wasn’t in effect. I believe it was set up in 1984.
Burba: No. In fact I started my career in 1986, so it was twenty-one since I’ve started. I couldn’t tell you the difference or seen a difference. And it was twenty-one in California anyway.
Patterson: Really? I just remember stories from my dad, who grew up in the midwest…
Burba: Yeah, because it was like seventeen, it was sixteen, it was all different ages. Minnesota for the longest time was seventeen I believe.
Patterson: Ha ha, yeah. I actually think I have one more. If the National Drinking Age Act were to be revoked, through magic or a legislative process, do you think that there would be negative repercussions?
Burba: I think there are people who, again, are a law abiding section of society that would abide the laws just because they are laws, I think there would be eighteen year old who would drink because they would know there wouldn’t be anything wrong with that. But typically those are the people that wouldn’t do it in excess anyway, so I don’t know if there would be negative repercussions or any more evidence, or incidents I should say, of binge drinking or younger people drinking in excess as there already are, though I feel it would probably increase.
The interview from that point ended with a thank you, and a small discussion on the nature of the shirt I was wearing at the time (featuring the fictional character Mudoc Niccals from the virtual band Gorillaz). Overall I learned a great perspective on the whole matter, and was able to openly talk to an so called enemy of my generation. We are living in an odd time, and God only knows how much I need a drink in regards to that.